Excessive growth of the soft tissues of the ends of the fingers gives the fingers a sausage or drumstick appearance when viewed from above, and a beaked appearance when viewed from the side. BruitsA blowing or swishing sound created by turbulence of blood flowCapillary refill testImmediate return of colorclubbingAn enlarged terminal phalanx of the finger. RELATED FACTORS Neuromuscular dysfunction Spinal cord injury Neurological immaturity Musculoskeletal impairment Bony/chest wall deformity Anxiety Pain Perception/cognitive impairment Fatigue Respiratory muscle fatigue Body position Obesity Hyperventilation Hypoventilation syndrome DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS Subjective Objective Dyspnea Orthopnea Bradypnea Tachypnea Alterations in depth of breathing Timing ratio Prolonged expiration phases Pursed-lip breathing Decreased minute ventilation/vital capacity Decreased inspiratory/expiratory pressure Use of accessory muscles to breathe Assumption of three-point position Altered chest excursion, Nasal flaring Increased anterior-posterior diameterbronchovesicular soundsA mixture of bronchial and vesicular sounds. bradypnea Abnormally slow breathing.BREATHING PATTERN, INEFFECTIVEBREATHING PATTERN, INEFFECTIVE Diagnostic Division: Respiration Definition: Inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation. in patients with other potentially life-threatening conditions.
apnea Temporary cessation of breathing and, therefore, of the body's intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide. Most adventitious lung sounds can be divided into continuous (wheezing) and discontinuous (crackles) according to acoustical characteristics. adventitious lung soundsCrackles and wheezes superimposed on the normal breath sounds indicative of respiratory disease. A low-pitched wheezing, snoring, or squeaking sound heard duringauscultation of the chest of a person with partial airway obstruction.Mucus or other secretions in the airway, bronchial hyperreactivity, or tumors that occlude respiratory passages can all cause rhonchi. It is often heard only during the first day or two of a pleurisy. pleural friction rubThe creaking, grating sounds made when inflamed pleural surfaces move during respiration. ETIOLOGY Diminished breath sounds are common in patients with poor respiratory effort, splinting, emphysema, and other lung conditions. bronchial soundsSounds not heard in the normal lung but occurring in pulmonary disease, indicating infiltration and solidification of the lung. diminished breath soundA soft, decreased, or distant vesicular lung sound as heard through a stethoscope. Fine, late-inspiratory crackles are often heard in pulmonary fibrosis and acute pulmonary edema. fine cracklesSoft, very short, high-pitched lung sounds. Coarse inspiratory and expiratory crackles indicate excessive airway secretion. Crackles are described as fine or arse cracklesLouder, rather long, low-pitched lung sounds. A crackle is a discontinuous adventitious lung sound as opposed to a wheeze, which is continuous. It may be heard on inspiration or expiration. crackleAn adventitious lung sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or the sudden opening of collapsed airways. They do not include sounds produced by muscular activity in the chest wall or friction of the stethoscope on the chest.
These may be wheezes, crackles (rales), or stridor. adventitious breath soundsAbnormal lung sounds heard when listening to the chest as the person breathes.
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